See rofen on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ruif"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":af",
"3": "rof",
"4": "-en<id:infinitival>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *hrōfą\nProto-West Germanic *hrōf\nOld English hrōf\nMiddle English rof\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-nom\nProto-Indo-European *-onom\nProto-Germanic *-aną\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nOld English -an\nMiddle English -en\nMiddle English rofen\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hrōf\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hrōf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"rof\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"infinitival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"infinitival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-nom\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-onom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-aną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"causative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"causative suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-an\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-en\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"rofen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"rofen\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rof",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "rof + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *hrōfą\nProto-West Germanic *hrōf\nOld English hrōf\nMiddle English rof\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-nom\nProto-Indo-European *-onom\nProto-Germanic *-aną\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nOld English -an\nMiddle English -en\nMiddle English rofen\nFrom rof + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rofede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rofede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rofeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rofede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rofeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rofynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rofende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "roven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rofen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rof"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Roofing",
"orig": "enm:Roofing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide with a roof; to roof."
],
"id": "en-rofen-enm-verb-0aIp4Y8v",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To provide with a roof; to roof."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːfən/"
}
],
"word": "rofen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "rofen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rēofan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of rēofan"
],
"id": "en-rofen-ang-verb-NgzrN-A4",
"links": [
[
"rēofan",
"reofan#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈro.fen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈro.ven]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-o.fen"
}
],
"word": "rofen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ruif"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":af",
"3": "rof",
"4": "-en<id:infinitival>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *hrōfą\nProto-West Germanic *hrōf\nOld English hrōf\nMiddle English rof\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-nom\nProto-Indo-European *-onom\nProto-Germanic *-aną\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nOld English -an\nMiddle English -en\nMiddle English rofen\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hrōf\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hrōf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"rof\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"infinitival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"infinitival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-nom\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-onom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-aną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"causative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"causative suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-an\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-en\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"rofen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"rofen\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rof",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "rof + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *hrōfą\nProto-West Germanic *hrōf\nOld English hrōf\nMiddle English rof\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-nom\nProto-Indo-European *-onom\nProto-Germanic *-aną\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nOld English -an\nMiddle English -en\nMiddle English rofen\nFrom rof + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rofede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rofede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rofeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rofede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rofeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rofynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rofende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrofed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "roven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rofen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rof"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English rare terms",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Roofing"
],
"glosses": [
"To provide with a roof; to roof."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To provide with a roof; to roof."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːfən/"
}
],
"word": "rofen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "rofen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old English/o.fen",
"Rhymes:Old English/o.fen/2 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rēofan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of rēofan"
],
"links": [
[
"rēofan",
"reofan#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈro.fen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈro.ven]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-o.fen"
}
],
"word": "rofen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rofen meaning in All languages combined (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.